The a systematic approach text bibliography n New York Academic Press 1980 monographic 0 e

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xii, 175 p. ill. 24 cm. Abstract: A model framework for decision-making in the process of answering reference questions is presented for use by librarians and instructors of library science. Each step in the reference process is examined, and exercises for practicing each st ep are given with the goal of preparing students to search for answers to reference queries in a systematic fashion. These steps include isolating the essential message of each query by selection of message descriptors. Categories of answer-providing reference tools are described, with hints for selecting specific headings to search. These include the card catalog, encyclopedias, guides to the literature, indexes, bibliographies, abstracts and directories. Techniques for query negotiation are given. The characteristics of bibliographic data bases and guidelines for on-line searching are discussed. Emphasis is put on the kinds of information found in different reference materials. A Model of the Reference Process -- The Reference Process -- Message Selection -- The Query Message -- Utilizing the Message in Subsequent Decision-Making Steps -- Message Descriptors -- Givens and Wanteds -- Selection of Categories of Answer-P roviding Tools -- Descriptor and Tool Tables -- Categories of Answer-Providing Tools -- Biographical Sources -- Card Catalog; Union Lists -- Dictionaries -- Encyclopedias -- Geographical Sources -- Guides to the Literature -- Handbooks; Manuals -- Indexes, Bibliographies, and Abstracts -- Monograph; Text -- Primary Publications -- Nonbiographical Directories -- Yearbooks: Almanacs -- Lead-In Tools -- Basis for Selecting Lead-In Tools -- Choosing a Lead-In Tool -- Selection of Search Headings -- The Index -- Other Types of Indexes -- Index Vocabulary Aids -- Answer Selection -- Correctness of Answer -- Errors in Steps of the Reference Process -- Selecting an Answer -- Misinterpretation of Information -- No Answer -- Completeness of Answer -- Query Negotiation -- Why Users Submit Queries That Require Negotiation -- Identifying Negotiable Queries -- Postsearch Negotiation -- Negotiation Techniques -- Objective of Negotiation -- Open and Closed Questions -- Examples of Negotiable Queries -- Listening and Summarizing -- Nonverbal Communication -- Sample Negotiation -- On-Line Searching of Bibliographic Data Bases -- Pre-Search -- Search -- Postsearch -- Description of Data Base -- Unit Record -- Comparison of Manual and On-Line Searched Indexes. Gerald Jahoda, Judith Schiek Braunagel. Includes bibliographies and index. Reference services (Libraries) Bibliographies Computer applications Decision making Information science Libraries Library education Models Questioning techniques Reference materials Systems approach Biblioth?eques Services de râefâerence Bibliotheken. gtt Reference. gtt Z711 .J34 0123797608 9780123797605 7911 20251012174618.0 0000007979